Feb. 6, 2019
As background, let me point out that the source of Afghanistan’s problems is the fact that the state is composed of ten distinct ethnicities which have never coalesced into a unified, cohesive nation The groups are: The Pashtun, Tajik, Uzbek, Aymāk, Gujjar, Kirgiz, Baluche, Turkmen, Nuristani and Pamiri.
Each one of these ethnic groups has its own language, dress, culture, ideas, leaders, interests and armed militias, with only minimal cooperation existing between one and the other. Every dispute – and there have been many – generally escalated into a war of militias, transforming the state into a non-functioning entity.